Dampak Dunia Digital Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital development on public welfare
in Indonesia, as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). The digital world is
represented by three main variables: internet access, internet infrastructure, and internet users.
The method used in this study is panel data analysis with the Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed
Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM) approaches, using secondary data from
34 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2018–2021. The results of the Chow and Hausman
test indicate that the most appropriate model is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The FEM
estimation results indicate that the variables of internet access and internet infrastructure have a
positive and significant effect on the HDI, while the variable of internet users does not show a
significant effect. This indicates that the availability of digital access and infrastructure plays a
crucial role in driving human development, while the number of users has not had a significant
impact without adequate digital literacy support.